U Kpa ka Riti Synshar India (Father of the Indian Constitution), U Dr. Ambedkar, 75 snem mynshuwa, ula batai lypa, “Lada ka state ka ri ka don ka bor, kadei ban pyntreikam mardor ia ka Uniform Civil Code(UCC) ha baroh wei ka ri”. Khnang ba ka ri kan khlain kan iatylli kawei; U la thrang eh ba ka UCC kadei ban bujli noh ia kine ki ain jong ki niam bapher bapher ha kaba iadei bad ka Marriage – ka kam shongkurim, Divorce – ka jingia pyllait tnga, Maintenance – ban ri ban pynheh pynsan ia ki khun, Inheritance – ka jingiohpateng bad jinghiar pateng, Adoption – ban ting khun, bad Sucession of Property – ban longtrai ia ki jingdon jingem jong ki kmie ki kpa.
Kumno kane ka Uniformity ka treikam? Ka nuksa: lada mano mano ki leit shong leit sah noh kum ha ki ri Australia, Canada, Israel, bad kiwei kiwei ki ri, ki hap ban bud ia ki ain jong kito ki ri lada ki kwah ban shong ban sah hangto. Bad kito ki ain niam jong ki, kin nym treikam ei ei shuh ha kito ki ri.
Kane ka Uniformity hi ka thmu ba dei tang kawei ka ain jong ka ri ka ban teh lakam ha ki kam shongkha, bad badei ban hap register beit hakhmat ka ain, khlem bakla ia ka jingiapoikha, bad tang da kawei hi ka ain sorkar ba lah ban ia pyllait tnga. Phi lah ban ia poi kha la ha kino kino ki jing lehniam jong uto ne kato ka briew. Hynrei baroh ki jingia poikha hap ban da tip bad register hakhmat ka ain. Bad lada don kino kino ki jingiakulmar halor kine ki phang, ki don ki Matrimonial Courts ha manla ki Civil Sub Division lane ki district, ki ban ai ia ka jingbishar kaba hok. Kumjuh ruh, ia ki certificate sngikha bad sngi iap bad ia ka jingiohpateng ki khun ki longdien (ba la ai jingthoh da ki kmie ki kpa ha ki por ba ki dang im), dei ban da record bad ioh jingithuh na ki bor ka sorkar.
Ha India hi haduh mynta, dei tang ka jylla Goa, ka Model State, kaba la pyntreikam ia kane ka Uniform Civil Code. Ha Goa hi, kiba bun ki nongshong shnong kidei ki Catholics bad ki Hindu bad khyndiat eh ki Muslim. Kine hi baroh lai ki ia pyndonkam da kawei kajuh ka ain UCC ha kaba iadei bad ka kam shongkha bad ki kam iing kam sem jongki. Kane ka ain ha Goa la pyntrei kam naduh u snem 1867 ha ka por ba dang synshar khlainbor ka ri Portugal, kiba dei ki Portugese Catholics na Europe. Wat hadien ba kane ka state kala pyniasoh noh bad ka India ha u snem 1961 ruh, kane ka ain ka dang treikam haduh mynta.
Lada iathir ia peit bniah bha, ngin lap ba Ki Ain Niam kiba don ha India, jong ki Hindu, ki Budhist, ki Parsi, ki Jain, ki Sikh, ki Jiw, ki Muslim bad ki Kristan, ki iapher bak ly bak kawei na kawei, ha kaba iadei bad ki kam Shongkurim, ia pyllait tnga, ka jingioh pateng bad hiarpateng, ban ting khun, ban ri ban sumar ia ki khun. Ka ain ka khang pyrshah ruh ban don tnga palat na uwei/kawei. Kiba kwah ri bun tnga kim lah shuh lada treikam kane ka ain UCC.
Ka jingkylli kaba mih mynta, kane ka ain kan leh kumno bad kan treikam kumno ia kito kiba shimjait naka kmie? Kum ki Khasi Jaintia bad Garo ha Meghalaya, ki Naiars ha kerela, ki Bunts ha Karnataka, bad kiwei kiwei.
Kumno kine ki Ain Niam ki iapher kawei na kawei pat?
1. Ha ka Marriage and Divorce (ka kam shongkurim bad ka jingiapyllait tnga)
Ka Ain Hindu: Katkum ka Hindu Marriage Act 1955, ka khang pyrshah ban ri bun tnga. La ai lad ia ki kynthei ba kin pan ia pyllaittnga. Tangba kim lah ban ioh bhah ioh bynta ei ei naka kamai u tnga jongka, shisien ba kila iakhlad.
Ka Ain Muslim: Ka kam shongkha shongman hi kadei ka Civil Contract (katba dang ia sngewthuh jingmut dang lah ban ia shong lang, lada ym ia sngewthuh jingmut shuh, dei ban beh noh ia ka tnga, katkum ka Talaq). Ka tnga ruh ka lah ban longtrai lang ia ka kamai ka jingdon jingem u tnga jongka. Ban pyniaid beit ia ki kam iing jong ki Muslim ha India, ka don ka ain Sharia Act 1937. Ka Sharia law, ka Quran bad ka Hadith kidei ki tynrai bah bad ki jingthoh bakhuid jong ki Muslim. Ka Ain Muslim ka shah ban iashong ban ri bun tnga haduh 4 ngut (lada u tnga u lah ban pynbiang ban bsa), bad u lah ruh ban ai Talaq Talaq Talaq noh ia ka/ki tnga ba u khlem ia sngewthuh jingmut shuh ban iashong ia sah lang.
Ka Ain Kristan: Ka Ain Kristan hi la shna da u Phareng bad la pynlong ain ha ka 18 July 1872, ba la tip kum ka Christian Marriage Act 1872, na bynta ki Kristan ha kylleng ka ri India, lait noh katto katne ki jylla kum ka Jammu Kashmir, Manipur bad kiwei. Baroh ki kam Shongkurim (Marriages must be solemnized in the Church) bad ia ki jingiapyllait tnga la tehsong pyrkhing da ki kynhun niam Kristan bapher bapher, katkum kane ka Ain. Ha u snem 2001 la pynjynsur noh ia kane ka Ain, bad la shah ia ka kynthei Kristan ba kan ia pyllait tnga lada ka don sakhi ba u tnga jong ka u klim shawei (Adultery). Kiba bun hi ki lynti ki kham jynsur ia u shynrang ba un ia pyllait tnga lada u don ki sakhi kiba biang. [Ha India hi kiba bun ki kynhun Balang ki ia synshar ia la ki paid riewngeit katkum ki rukom pyniaid jongki (traditions). Kidon ki Catholics, ki Syro Malabar Catholics, ki Syro Malankar Catholics, ki Jacobite Syrian Christians, ki Protestants, ki Presbyterians, bad kiwei, kiba don la ki tradition ban synshar ia la ki paid riewngeit]. {Ki Naga kim pdiang ia kane ka Ain, katkum ka jingiasoi ia ka Naga Accord ha u snem 1961, ki dawa ba watla kila kylla Kristan ruh, hynrei ia ki kam iing kam sem dei ban sumar bad synshar katkum ki tynrai ki dustur mynbarim jong ka jaidbynriew Naga – Naga Traditions}
Ka Ain Parsi: Ha ki Parsi, ka jingiapyllait tnga bad ka kam klim ki khlain ban shim rai lada don lada biang ki sakhi. Ki Parsi kim lah ban ia shongkha shabar na ka jaidbynriew jongki. Lada don kiba palat nangta, kim lah ban pdiang shuh kum ki Parsi. Kin shah Taid Kur.
Ka Ain Ki Sikh: Katkum ka Anand Marriage Act 1909, kam don jaka ka jingia pyllait tnga. (Kiba bun ki ain jong ki Sikh ki iadei bad ki Hindu).
2. Custody and Guardianship (Ban ri ban sumar bad pynheh pynsan ia ki khun)
Ka Ain Hindu: Ki kmie ki kpa kidei ki trai nongri nongsumar jong ki khun (natural gaurdians). Katkum ka Hindu Minority and Gaurdianship Act 1956, u tnga udei u nongri nongsumar jong la ka tnga. U long u trai ia la ka tnga.
Ka Ain Muslim: Katkum ka Shariat Application Act 1937, ki kmie ki kpa kidei ki (natural) nongri nongsumar ia la ki khun. Tangba ki khun ki lah ban don la ka jong ka rai tad ynda ki la kynjoh ka rta pura jinglong samla (puberty).
Ka Ain Kristan: Kumba long lem kiwei, ki kmie ki kpa kidei ki (natural) nongri nongsumar ia la ki khun. Tangba kat kum ka Indian Divorce Act 1869 jong ka sorkar Bilat, lada don ki jingiapyllait tnga, ka ain ka hap ban batai, mano ban ri ban sumar ia ki khun.
Ka Ain Parsi: Ka Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act 1936, ka pynkupbor ia ka Court ba kan rai, mano ba dei hok ban ri ban sumar ia ki khun, lada don ki jingiapyllait tnga.
3. Adoption – Ban ting khun ban ri ban sumar
Ka Ain Hindu: Ka Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act 1956, ka batai ba u tnga u dei ban ioh ka jingmynjur na la ka tnga ba un ri un sumar ia la ki khun, lada jia ba ka tnga jong u kadon ka jingpang shiteng khlieh lane lada jia ba ka tnga jong u ka la kylla noh sha kawei pat ka niam. Ha u snem 2010 pat la pynjynsur bad la shah ba ka tnga ruh ka don hok ban ri sumar ia la ki khun lada u tnga u don ka jingpang shiteng khlieh lane u la kylla noh sha kawei pat ka niam.
Ka Ain Muslim: Katkum ki jingpyniaid bad bud ryntih ia ki tynrai dustur Kafala, la shah ba ki kmie kliar ne u kpa kliar ruh ki lah ban ri ban sumar ia ki khun ba la kha na u kpa/ka kmie ba ha shuwa.
Ka Ain Kristan: Ki kmie ki kpa kidei kit rai ia la ki khun. Hynrei ka Syro Malabar Church ha Kerela pat ka don la ki ain ban bishar ban aiti mano ban sumar ia ki khun lada don ki jingia pyllait tnga.
Ka Ain Parsi: Kim da don than ki Ain ba pynjynsur ne ba la pynbeit thymmai.
4. Inheritance/Sucession – Ka jingioh pateng hiarpateng
Ka Ain Hindu: Lada u kpa u iap noh khlem pat ai jingthoh lypa ia la ki khun, ki jingdon jingem kidei ban leit sha ki khun kynthei shynrang, sha ka tnga, bad sha ka kmie jong u (ha ka Class 1). Kadei ban hiarpateng ha ki khun jong ki khun jong u, ki khun jong ka khun jongu, bad ruh sha ki khun ki hymmen ki para jong u (Class 2). Hangne kidon ki kyndon Agnates bad Cognates. Agnates ka mut na ka liang ki bahaiing jong u tnga. Cognates kamut na ka liang ki bahaiing ka tnga jong u. Kumjuh ruh ia ki jingdon jingem jong ka tnga, lada ka khlem ai jingthoh lypa shuwa ba kan iap, kidei ban leit sha kitei kumba la thoh.
Ka Ain Muslim: Ka don ka jingiapher ha kiba ngeit ha ki Balang Sunni bad Shia. Ha ka Ain Balang Sunni, ka jinghiarpateng kadei ban leit sha kito ki khun ba la kha, bad ruh sha ki bahaiing ba la ai jingthoh lypa da u kpa. Ha ka Balang Shia, ka don ka Nasaab, kaba dei ka jingiadei na ka snam jingiadei na u kpa (ki hymen ki para jong u). Ka Sahbaab pat na ka jingiadei na ka jingialong tnga bad ka tnga jong u (husband and wife).
Ka Ain Kristan: Ha kaba iadei bad ka jingiohpateng, ki Kristan ki bud ryntih ia ka Ain ba la shna da ki Phareng, ka Indian Sucession Act 1925, ka bymdon kano kano ka jingnoh shilliang ha ka jingioh pateng hiarpateng. Baroh ki khun ki ioh mar katjuh
Ka Ain Parsi: Ki Parsi ki shu kynnam bad ai bor lypa ia la ki khun ha kaba iadei bad ki jingiohpateng hiarpateng.
Ka Uniform Civil Code kadei ka Directive Principle of State Policy, ha kaba ki state ki lah ban pyntreikam hala ki jylla lajong ban wanrah ia ki jingiaidbeit iaid ryntih ki Ain ha ki longing longsem. Khnang ban wanrah:-
1. Ka jingiatylli ha baroh wei ka India (One India is a Strong India). 2. Pynduh jaid ia ka Vote Bank Politics (pynbiej pynshala jingsngew niam tang ban khring Vote por Election). 3. Ki Ain Niam bapher bapher ki don ki jingduna ban pyniaid beit katkum kane ka jingkylla jong ka juk (loopholes in Religious Personal Laws in modern life). 4. Pynduhjaid ia ka jingpyrkhat pynrung jingsngewpher jaidbynriew hapoh ri India (to finish Communalism and Separate Mindset). 5. Kan ai bor shibun ia ki Longkmie (more Rights to Women). 6. Baroh ki nong India dei ban don tang kajuh ka ain (no separate Laws for separate people). 7. Kan pynduh jaid ia ki jingia sngewpher niam ha India (promote True Secularism not Pseudo Secularists).
Ka Uniform Civil Code (Common Family Law)
